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1 be presumed to know
Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > be presumed to know
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2 presume
[prə'zju:m]1) (to believe that something is true without proof; to take for granted: When I found the room empty, I presumed that you had gone home; `Has he gone?' `I presume so.') calcular2) (to be bold enough (to act without the right, knowledge etc to do so): I wouldn't presume to advise someone as clever as you.) ter a presunção•- presumption
- presumptuous
- presumptuousness* * *pre.sume[prizj'u:m] vt+vi 1 presumir, conjeturar, supor. he is presumed to know / presume-se que ele saiba. 2 inferir, deduzir. 3 ousar, atrever-se a, tomar a liberdade de. 4 (com on) abusar de, prevalecer-se de. -
3 presume
[prɪ'zjuːm] [AE -'zuːm] 1.1) (suppose) presumere, supporre"does he know?" - "I presume so" — "lo sa?" - "presumo di sì"
2) (presuppose) presupporre3) (dare)2.to presume upon — approfittare di [person, kindness]
* * *[prə'zju:m]1) (to believe that something is true without proof; to take for granted: When I found the room empty, I presumed that you had gone home; `Has he gone?' `I presume so.') presumere, supporre2) (to be bold enough (to act without the right, knowledge etc to do so): I wouldn't presume to advise someone as clever as you.) permettersi di•- presumption
- presumptuous
- presumptuousness* * *[prɪ'zjuːm] [AE -'zuːm] 1.1) (suppose) presumere, supporre"does he know?" - "I presume so" — "lo sa?" - "presumo di sì"
2) (presuppose) presupporre3) (dare)2.to presume upon — approfittare di [person, kindness]
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4 presume
presume [prɪˈzju:m]a. ( = suppose) présumerb. ( = take liberty) to presume to do sth se permettre de faire qch* * *[prɪ'zjuːm], US [-'zuːm] 1.transitive verb1) ( suppose) supposer, présumer‘does he know?’ - ‘I presume so’ — ‘le sait-il?’ - ‘probablement’
2) ( presuppose) présupposer3) ( dare)2.to presume upon — abuser de [person, kindness]
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5 presume
presume, US [transcription][-"zu ;m"]A vtr1 ( suppose) supposer, présumer (that que) ; I presume (that) he's honest je suppose qu'il est honnête ; I presumed him to be honest je le croyais honnête ; to be presumed to be être présumé être ; I presume it was him je suppose que c'était lui ; ‘does he know?’-‘I presume so/I presume not’ ‘le sait-il?’-‘probablement/probablement pas’ ; you'll come, I presume? tu viendras, je suppose? ; presumed dead/innocent/guilty présumé mort/innocent/coupable ;2 ( presuppose) présupposer (that que) ;3 ( dare) to presume to do se permettre de faire.B vi to presume upon abuser de [person, kindness] ; I hope I'm not presuming j'espère que je ne m'avance pas trop. -
6 supposed
supposed [sə'pəʊzd]∎ the supposed author of this poem l'auteur présumé de ce poème;∎ pejorative all these supposed experts tous ces prétendus experts∎ to be supposed to do sth être censé faire qch;∎ there is supposed to be a well in the garden on dit qu'il y a un puits dans le jardin;∎ she was supposed to be at work elle était censée être à son travail;∎ what's that switch supposed to do? à quoi sert cet interrupteur?;∎ how am I supposed to know? comment est-ce que je saurais ou suis censé savoir, moi?;∎ I'm not supposed to know je ne suis pas censé savoir;∎ you're not supposed to do that! tu ne devrais pas faire ça!;∎ the computer's not supposed to make a noise like that l'ordinateur ne devrait pas faire un tel bruit;∎ how am I supposed to work in conditions like these! comment veut-on que je travaille dans de telles conditions!;∎ what's that supposed to mean? qu'est-ce que tu veux dire par là?;∎ we're not supposed to use dictionaries nous n'avons pas le droit de nous servir de dictionnaires;∎ this restaurant is supposed to be very good il paraît que ce restaurant est excellent;∎ you're supposed to be my friend! je te croyais mon ami! -
7 Information Processing
The term "information processing" originated in the late fifties in the computer field as a general descriptive term that seemed somewhat less contingent and parochial than "computer science," which also came into use during the same period. Thus, it was the name of choice for two of the encompassing professional organizations formed at the time: the In ternational Federation of Information Processing Societies and the American Federation of Information Processing Societies. Although the transfer of the phrase from activities of computers to parallel activities of human beings undoubtedly occurred independently in a number of heads, the term was originally identified pretty closely with computer simulation of cognitive processes... ; that is, with the kind of effort from which arose the theory in this book. (Newell & Simon, 1972, p. 888)It was because the activities of the computer itself seemed in some ways akin to cognitive processes. Computers accept information, manipulate symbols, store items in "memory" and retrieve them again, classify inputs, recognize patterns and so on.... Indeed the assumptions that underlie most contemporary work on information processing are surprisingly like those of nineteenth century introspective psychology, though without introspection itself. (Neisser, 1976, pp. 5, 7)The processor was assumed to be rational, and attention was directed to the logical nature of problem solving strategies. The "mature western mind" was presumed to be one that, in abstracting knowledge from the idosyncracies of particular everyday experience, employed Aristotelian laws of logic. When applied to categories, this meant that to know a category was to have an abstracted clear-cut, necessary, and sufficient criteria for category membership. If other thought processes, such as imagery, ostensive definition, reasoning by analogy to particular instances, or the use of metaphors were considered at all, they were usually relegated to lesser beings such as women, children, primitive people, or even to nonhumans. (Rosch & Lloyd, 1978, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Information Processing
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